Male+Reproductive+System


 * Male Reproductive System **

By:

Dancilia Harmon Symone Johnson Aubree Martin

=__** Internal Structure and function: **__= __** External Structure: **__
 * Vas deferens- the vas deferens is a long, muscular tube travels from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity, to just behind the bladder. It’s also transport mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.
 * Ejaculatory ducts- Formed by the fusion of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles.
 * Urethra- Carries urine to the outside of the body. It also functions in the expelling of sperm when the man reaches orgasm.
 * Seminal Vesicle- Is a sac like pouch that attach to the vas deferens near the base of the bladder. Seminal vesicles produce a sugar- rich fluid that provides sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms’ movement.
 * Prostate gland- Is a walnut size structure that is located below the urinary bladder in front of the rectum. This gland produce additional fluid to ejaculate, it also nourish the sperm.
 * Bulbourethral gland- Also known as the Cowper’s gland, are pea-sized structures located on the side of the urethra just below the prostate gland. This gland produce a clear, slippery fluid hat empties directly into the urethra. The fluid is used to neutralize any acidity that may be present due to residual drops of urine in the urethra.
 * Penis- The penis is the male organ foe sexual intercourse. It has three parts: the root which is attached to the wall of the abdomen; the body, or shaft and the glans, which is the cone- shaped end of the penis. The glans also known as head of the penis is covered with a loose layer of skin called the foreskin. The opening of the urethra, the tube that transports semen and urine, is at the tip of the glans penis. The penis also contains a number of sensitive nerve endings. The body of the penis is cylindrical in shape and consists of three internal chambers. These chambers are made up of special, sponge-like erectile tissue. This tissue contains thousands of large spaces that fill with blood when the man is sexually aroused. As the penis fills with blood, it becomes rigid and erect, which allows for penetration during sexual intercourse. The skin of the penis is loose and elastic to accommodate changes in penis size during an erection. Semen, which contains sperm, is expelled (ejaculated) through the end of the penis when the man reaches sexual climax (orgasm). When the penis is erect, the flow of urine is blocked from the urethra, allowing only semen to be ejaculated at orgasm.
 * Scrotum- Is a loose pouch like sac of skin that hangs behind the penis. It contains the testicles, as well as many nerves and blood vessels. The scrotum act as a climate control for the testes. Special muscles in the scrotum allow it to contract and relax in order to push sperm out.
 * Testicles- Is an oval shaped organ, about the size of the large olive hat lie in the scrotum, secured at either end by a structure called the spermatic cord. They are responsible for making testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, and for generating sperm.
 * Epididymis- Is a long coiled tube that rest on the backside of each testicle. It functions in the transport and storage of the sperm cells that are produce in the testes. It also is the job of the epididymis brings the sperm cells that are produced in the testes. During sexual arousal, contractions force the sperm into the vas deferens.

__ Enzymes/Hormones __
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Follicle Stimulating Hormone Luteinizing Hormone Andosterone Testosterone Inhibin
 * The gonadotropin (GnRH) releasing hormone, released by the hypothalamus, tells the pituitary to release the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and the lutenizing hormone (LH) and ultimately controls sperm production and testosterone levels.
 * The follicle stimulating hormone is released by the anterior pituitary, told by the gonadotropin releasing hormone, and stimulates the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
 * The LH is also releases by the anterior pituitary and stimulates testosterone production by the interstitial cells of the testes.
 * Andosterone is said to influence human behavior, but there is little data as to its use. It is less ample and effective than testosterone and it is also made by interstitial cells in the testes.
 * Testosterone is made in the interstitial cells and stimulates secondary sex characteristics in males. It helps stimulates spermatogenesis in the testes with the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). It is also associated with sex.
 * The hormone, Inhibin, is released by sertoli cells when they are low on nutrients to feed developing sperm cells. It acts as negative feedback by going to the brain to slow the release of FSH and GnRH.

=‍__ Communication __= Integumentary System Skeletal System Muscular System Nervous System Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System Respiratory System Urinary System
 * Skin protects all organs by external enclosure
 * Androgens masculinize the skeleton and increase bone density
 * The bony pelvis encloses some of the reproductive organs
 * Androgen promotes increase in muscle mass
 * Muscles of the pelvic floor aids in the erection of the penis
 * ‍ The male reproductive system communicates with the nervous system because chemicals in the brain determine the amount of testosterone that is produced.
 * Hypothalamus regulate timing of puberty and neural reflexes regulate events of sexual response
 * Transport needed substances to organs of reproductive systems
 * Local vasodilation involved in erection
 * Blood transport sex hormones
 * Immune cells protect reproductive organs from disease
 * Provide oxygen
 * Dispose of carbon dioxide
 * Hypertrophy of the prostate inhibits urination
 * Semen discharge through the urethra of the male

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= Quiz Questions: = =‍ Answers: = = 1. a refractory period = = 2. Head = = 3. contains mitochondria that provide energy to propel the flagellum tail = = 4. True = = 5. Seminiferous tubules = = = = = =__ Video __= []
 * 1. || Following ejaculation, a male may typically experience a period of time, called __during which stimulation does not bring about an erection.__ ||
 * 2. || The sperm's nucleus is in the ||
 * 3. || The middle piece of a sperm ||
 * 4. || T/F Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules ||
 * 5. || Each lobule of a testis contains one to three coiled___. ||

__//**Resources:**//__ Exerpts from //Human Anatomy and Physiology// []